Log in Sign up. Articles Cases Courses Quiz. About Recent Edits Go ad-free. Edit article. View revision history Report problem with Article. Citation, DOI and article data. Jones, J. Third ventricle. Reference article, Radiopaedia. Central Nervous System. URL of Article. On this page:. Quiz questions. Gray's Anatomy.
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Pons Medically reviewed by the Healthline Medical Network. Amygdaloid body Medically reviewed by the Healthline Medical Network. Putamen Medically reviewed by the Healthline Medical Network. Similar to the other brain ventricles, the main function of the third ventricle is to produce, secrete, and convey CSF.
The third ventricle is a cuboid-shaped structure that has a roof, floor, and four walls—the anterior, posterior, and two lateral walls, respectively. The roof is made up of the choroid plexus where CSF is produced by ependymal cells. The floor is made up of the hypothalamus , subthalamus, mammillary bodies, the infundibulum, and the tectum of the midbrain. The third ventricle is a midline structure. It is found between the cerebral hemispheres.
It communicates directly with each lateral ventricle via the foramen of Monro and with the fourth ventricle via the aqueduct of Sylvius. The third ventricle is situated between the right and the left thalamus. It has two protrusions on its top surface—the supra-optic recess located above the optic chiasm and the infundibular recess located above the optic stalk. There are several variations of the third ventricle.
The most common variations are:. It is also common for infants to have mildly enlarged ventricles. Ventriculomegaly can be a benign finding, particularly in isolated cases. However, it can also be indicative of a more severe condition such as chromosomal abnormalities, congenital infection, cerebral vascular accident, or another fetal abnormality associated with developmental delay.
Colloid cysts are benign, slow-growing lesions of the third ventricle. They can present as incidental findings on imaging or with symptoms of obstructive hydrocephalus.
The causes of colloid cysts are unknown, but they seem to run in families. Researchers have pointed to a potential association between familial colloid cysts and congenital inguinal hernia. One study found that people with schizophrenia and their healthy siblings have larger third ventricles. The findings suggest that there could be related genetic defects that produce a susceptibility to the mental health condition.
The third ventricle is the main site for CSF production. CSF has three main roles in the brain:. Abnormalities of the third ventricle are associated with other medical conditions.
Some of the most common conditions associated with the third ventricle are:. Trauma during brain surgery or an accident can also cause meningitis or ventriculitis, but it is exceedingly rare. Ventriculomegaly can be detected through prenatal tests or after the baby is born. Tests include:. In adults, if there is suspicion of a tumor, hydrocephalus, or congenital malformation, a doctor may use the following to help diagnose the condition:. Mild hydrocephalus can be treated with a wait-and-see approach, but more severe cases may need treatment with medication or surgery, such as a ventriculoperitoneal shunt or an endoscopic third ventriculostomy.
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