The new survey has shown that the deepest point of the trench is Meteor Deep at m and is located within the waters of the Atlantic Ocean. The recently named Factorian Deep, located at the southern end of the trench, is m deep. The Java Trench, in the eastern Indian Ocean, is more than km long.
In April , the FDE undertook the first crewed descent to the absolute bottom of the trench m. This mission also produced the deepest dive by a British citizen, Prof Alan Jamieson, who was also the first British person to descend into the hadal zone. The DSV Limiting Factor and the three supporting free-fall lander systems were fitted with specialist sensors that recorded data during both their descent to the sea floor and their return journey to the ship.
The Atlantic Ocean has an average depth of 3, meters, making it the third-deepest ocean by average depth, with a maximum depth of 8, m below sea level. The Indian Ocean has an average depth of 3, m, making it the second-deepest ocean by the average depth.
However, the ocean is 7, m deep at the deepest point, making it the third deepest ocean and water body. At the bottom of the Marina Trench, the density of water is increased by 4. However, the expeditions conducted at various times have observed the presence of large creatures such as a flatfish, large shrimp, huge crustaceans and even an unidentified type of snailfish. The deepest point in the Tonga trench, known as the Horizon Deep, considered to be the second deepest point on earth after the Challenger Deep and the deepest trench of the Southern Hemisphere.
Researchers have also found that these plate movements also cause large volcanoes in the Japan trench as well as the Mariana trench. According to marine scientists, the sediments of the Horizon Deep houses a community of roundworms.
The third deepest point in the world, the Galathea Depth in the Philippine trench is Also known as Mindanao Trench, this submarine trench is located in the Philippine Sea, spreads in a length of 1,km and 30km width in the east of Philippines. Prominent among other trenches in the Philippine Sea, this trench was formed due to a collision between the Eurasian plate and the smaller Philippine plate.
According to scientists, the Philippine trench is younger than million years ago. Another deepest part of ocean belonging to the Pacific Ocean, this trench lies at a considerable depth of Lying close to Kuril Island and off the coast of Kamchatka, this trench is responsible for a number of oceans bed volcanic activities in the region. The trench was formed due to the subduction zone that was developed in the late Cretaceous, which created the Kuril island and the Kamchatka volcanic arcs.
Formed by the subduction of the Pacific plate under the Indo-Australian Plat, the Kermadec Trench has a maximum depth of 1o. Along with the Tonga Trench to the north, the Kermadec Trench creates the 2, km-long, near-linear Kermadec-Tonga subduction system. Better seafloor maps are needed for a host of reasons. They are essential for navigation, of course, and for laying underwater cables and pipelines.
They are also important for fisheries management and conservation, because it is around the underwater mountains that wildlife tends to congregate. Each seamount is a biodiversity hotspot. In addition, the rugged seafloor influences the behaviour of ocean currents and the vertical mixing of water.
This is information required to improve the models that forecast future climate change - because it is the oceans that play a pivotal role in moving heat around the planet.
And if you want to understand precisely how sea-levels will rise in different parts of the world, good ocean-floor maps are a must. Team-member and co-author on the new paper, Prof Alan Jamieson, is still aboard. He said the research ship was making discoveries every time it sent instrumentation into the deep. Just last month, we recorded a jellyfish 1,m deeper than 9,m, which was the previous record by us.
So we've now got jellyfish down to 10,m. A squid at that depth!
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